The results were clear from a recent employee survey I conducted for a manufacturer of medical instruments. Morale was very low in one of their operating units. Senior management asked me to visit the facility to learn more about the problem. After spending time interviewing the employees and their managers, the reasons for the low morale were also clear. The heads of the manufacturing and engineering departments were constantly fighting.

THE PROBLEM

Unfortunately, this is a common problem. Our research in more than 90 organizations has shown that, on average, 1 out of 2 employees say that senior management in their organization does not work well together as a team.

The problem is much like what happens to children when their parents fight. Children of parents who are in continual conflict exhibit many similar behaviors.

1. They notice the conflict even when the parents argue behind closed doors.

   Senior managers may think that their arguments and disagreements are private, but they usually are not. Employees can sense when there are constant disagreements. They can see it in their facial expressions, glean it from their email messages, and feel it when they are in the room with them. If the managers happen to publicly express their feelings even just once, it spreads like wildfire throughout the organization.

2. They do poorly in school and have difficulty thinking (i.e., with problem solving, abstract reasoning, and memory).

   When senior managers constantly quarrel, the quality of the work in their organization or work units suffers. Deadlines are not met, employees feel less comfortable expressing their views openly, creative ideas are less forthcoming, collaboration between departments is poor, and employee engagement declines.

3. They often speak ill of one parent to the other.

   Employees frequently take sides with a particular manager. Warring camps develop which stifle cooperation and communication.

4. They experience persistent anxiety and health problems (e.g., insomnia).

   Instead of enjoying their work and their coworkers, when senior managers are in conflict, there is a constant tension in the air that permeates the work environment, as well as the personal lives of employees who are exposed to it. I have often seen that the constant pressure of feuding managers leads to decreased energy among employees, and an increase in absenteeism and turnover.

5. They do not interact well with other children and often act out by displaying behavior problems, anger, or violence.

   It is very common for the tenor of the relationships between senior managers to mirror their way throughout the organization. For example, if senior managers yell and scream at each other, more of this type of behavior often happens at lower levels of the organization. If senior managers withhold information from each other, the same thing is more likely to occur at all levels.

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WHAT TO DO

Here are several things that organizations can do to when senior managers are bickering.

1. The senior-most executive must get involved.

   He or she must let the managers know that their behavior is adversely affecting employees and is unacceptable. Further, he or she should say that no matter what their past or present contributions to the organization, unless they correct the situation, there will be serious consequences.

2. Involve human resources professionals.

   Before the problem escalates, human resource professionals should intervene by conducting individual and group coaching sessions with the parties involved.

3. Make certain the guilty managers recognize the problem and commit to resolving it.

   Unless the offending parties recognize the problem and sincerely agree to resolve it, no amount of intervention by senior management, human resources, executive coaches, or anyone else will make a difference.

4. Have them make public apologies.

   Employees need to hear from the guilty parties that they recognize the problem, understand that it is having a negative impact on the organization, and apologize to each other and to the organization.

5. Hire an executive coach.

   In many cases it is best for human resources to step aside and defer to an outside executive coach who specializes in solving these types of problems. Such coaches can offer a more objective and neutral perspective than an insider can provide.

6. Conduct the JFK Exercise

   Although not a yet common term in the organization development literature, my "JFK exercise" fits the bill here. My frequent readers will recall that this exercise asks conflicting parties to refocus their energy from finger-pointing to asking what they can do to help the other party. When both parties do this, the problems will gradually disappear. It does, however, require that both parties be sincerely interested in improving the situation. I am proud to say that I have had great success using this approach in many organizations.

7. Recognize positive behaviors.

   This is where senior management must step in again. When they see improvements in how the warring managers are working together, they should praise them for it both privately and publicly.

8. Use the performance management process.

   If all else fails, senior management must use the organization's performance appraisal system to document the problem, identify improvement goals, and monitor the progress or lack thereof. Termination of one or both parties should not be ruled out.

CONCLUSION

Just like fighting parents traumatize children, employees suffer when their managers are in conflict. Use the approaches described above to improve the situation. Doing nothing is just bad business.